Smart home security: practical steps to protect connected devices

Connected devices bring convenience, but they also expand the attack surface for privacy breaches and unauthorized access.

A few focused changes to network setup, device selection, and maintenance can greatly reduce risk while preserving convenience.

Start with the network: segment and harden
– Create a separate network for smart devices.

Use a guest Wi‑Fi or a VLAN to isolate IoT devices from phones, laptops, and work devices. That keeps a compromised camera or thermostat from reaching sensitive data.
– Use strong Wi‑Fi encryption. If available, choose the latest secure protocol and avoid open networks.

Change the default SSID and router admin password, and disable WPS and remote administration unless strictly needed.
– Turn off UPnP on the router unless a trusted device requires it; UPnP can expose internal services to external threats.

Choose devices with security and longevity in mind
– Prefer devices from manufacturers that publish a security policy and commit to timely firmware updates. Check whether the vendor supports security patches and how long devices typically receive updates.
– Look for hardware features like secure boot and encrypted storage, plus options for local control rather than mandatory cloud reliance. Local-first devices reduce data exposure when cloud services are compromised.
– Avoid obscure brands with no documented security practices—even low-cost savings can cost more if an insecure device becomes a liability.

Harden device settings and accounts
– Change default usernames and passwords on every device and use unique, strong passwords.

A reputable password manager simplifies this task and makes rotating credentials manageable.
– Enable two-factor authentication for vendor accounts, companion apps, and any cloud services that control devices.
– Limit permissions in companion apps: disable location, microphone, or camera access when not required, and turn off unnecessary features like external logging or remote access.

Keep firmware and software current
– Enable automatic updates where available. Firmware updates often patch security vulnerabilities that attackers exploit.
– If automatic updates aren’t available, set a calendar reminder to check vendor pages or the device app for patches regularly.

Control remote access and exposure
– Avoid exposing devices directly to the internet. Use secure vendor cloud services or a trusted VPN for remote access rather than opening router ports.
– If remote access is required, choose solutions that use end-to-end encryption and strong authentication. Audit which accounts and services have remote privileges and revoke unused access.

Monitor and log for anomalies
– Use router-level logging or a network monitoring tool to track unfamiliar devices or unusual traffic.

Alerts for new device connections or spikes in outbound data can provide early warning of compromise.
– Periodically review device lists and remove old or unused devices from the network and associated accounts.

Protect data and privacy

– Minimize data collection by disabling features that aren’t needed. For example, set cameras to record motion-only and avoid continuous cloud storage unless necessary.
– Review privacy policies and data retention settings in device apps. Opt out of data-sharing options when offered.

Plan for recovery
– Keep a secure record of device credentials and backup codes. If a device or account is compromised, swift password rotations and factory resets can limit damage.
– Regularly check for vendor recall notices or security advisories and follow mitigation guidance promptly.

Small changes yield big gains. Prioritizing network segmentation, strong credentials, regular updates, and careful device selection will protect both privacy and the convenience smart devices offer. Staying proactive keeps the smart home smart — and safe.