Smart home devices make life easier, but they also expand the attack surface for attackers and create new privacy risks. Securing a connected home doesn’t require being a network engineer; it requires a few practical habits and sensible defaults that close common gaps while preserving convenience.

Start with an inventory and purpose check
Walk through every connected device—thermostats, cameras, smart TVs, doorbells, voice assistants, light bulbs, plugs, baby monitors, and hubs.

For each, ask whether it needs network access and cloud connectivity. Devices that don’t need remote access should be kept offline or on a segmented network.

Harden the network at the gateway
Your router is the first line of defense. Replace default admin passwords and disable remote administration unless you specifically need it. Enable automatic firmware updates if available, or check them regularly.

Use WPA3 where supported; if not, choose WPA2 with a strong passphrase. Create a separate guest or IoT SSID for smart devices so they can’t directly access computers and phones on the main network.

Use segmentation and least privilege
Network segmentation isolates devices and limits lateral movement if one device is compromised. Many modern routers and mesh systems support VLANs or guest networks—place cameras, smart plugs, and other IoT devices on an isolated VLAN and allow only necessary outbound connections.

Limit device permissions inside apps: a camera rarely needs access to location services on your phone, and a smart fridge shouldn’t require access to your contacts.

Manage accounts and credentials
Unique passwords remain one of the strongest defenses. Use a password manager to create and store long, random passwords for device accounts and cloud services. Enable multi-factor authentication for accounts that support it—email and cloud hub logins are high-value targets. For devices that only offer weak authentication, consider additional network-based controls like firewall rules.

Keep firmware and software updated
Manufacturers frequently patch vulnerabilities. Enable automatic updates for routers, hubs, and devices when possible. If an automatic option is not offered, check vendor dashboards periodically.

When a device no longer receives updates, consider replacing it with one that does.

Minimize data sharing and cloud exposure
Review each device’s privacy settings; opt out of data collection features you don’t use. If a device offers local-only mode or a way to store footage locally instead of in the cloud, that often reduces exposure. For devices that must use cloud services, verify the vendor’s privacy policy and data retention practices. Favor vendors who publish security practices, respond to vulnerability reports, and issue timely updates.

Secure remote access thoughtfully
If you need remote access to home devices, prefer solutions that rely on vendor-managed, encrypted tunnels or set up a secure remote access method like a VPN to your home network. Avoid exposing device management ports directly to the internet.

Monitor and prepare for incidents
Enable logging on the router and review unusual activity—spikes in data use or connections to unfamiliar servers are red flags. Keep backups of critical configuration files and an inventory of serial numbers and model information to assist with replacements or support. If a device behaves oddly after an update or shows unexpected traffic, disconnect it and investigate.

Choose devices with security in mind
When buying, prioritize products with a track record of updates, clear privacy policies, and security-focused certifications.

Look for devices supporting modern standards and open ecosystems that allow for easier local control.

Applying these steps creates layered defenses that reduce risk while keeping the benefits of a smart home. Small investments in network hygiene and privacy settings today make smart living safer and more sustainable over time.